轉職必看！定期契約怎麼變不定期？你的工作權益別睡著

轉職必看！定期契約怎麼變不定期？你的工作權益別睡著

轉職是人生重要階段，面對新工作，你是否曾簽過「定期契約」？覺得只是短期過渡，沒想太多？小心！看似普通的定期契約，在特定情況下，可能默默轉化為「不定期契約」，這不僅影響你的工作穩定性，更牽動著資遣費、退休金等重要權益。律點通將帶你深入了解《勞動基準法》的奧秘，學會如何判斷契約性質，讓你的轉職之路走得更穩健！

搞懂你的契約：定期與不定期，差在哪？

首先，我們要了解勞動契約的兩種基本類型：

• 定期契約：顧名思義，就是有明確開始和結束日期的契約。但請注意，法律對它的使用有嚴格限制，只能用於「臨時性、短期性、季節性及特定性」這四種非繼續性工作。這些工作的具體定義，可參考《勞動基準法施行細則》第6條。
• 不定期契約：這是勞動契約的常態，沒有明確的終止日期。只要你的工作本質上具有「繼續性」，雇主就應該跟你簽不定期契約，這也是保障勞工工作穩定的基石。

《勞動基準法》第9條第1項：「勞動契約，分為定期契約及不定期契約。臨時性、短期性、季節性及特定性工作得為定期契約；有繼續性工作應為不定期契約。派遣事業單位與派遣勞工訂定之勞動契約，應為不定期契約。」

簡單來說，如果你的工作是公司營運不可或缺，且會持續下去的，那它就屬於「繼續性工作」。反之，如果工作是因特定專案、季節需求或臨時狀況而生，且完成後就不再需要，才可能是「非繼續性工作」。

定期契約何時會「自動升級」成不定期？

即使你一開始簽的是定期契約，在兩種特定情況下，法律會 「視為」 它已經轉為不定期契約，這對你的權益至關重要：

1. 契約期滿後，你繼續工作而雇主沒說不續約： 定期契約到期了，你還是照常上班，而雇主沒有立即明確表示「不續約」的意思。這時候，法律會認為雇主默認了你的續留，契約就自動轉成不定期了。

2. 多次續約，工作期間累積超過90天，且每次間斷不超過30天： 有些雇主會頻繁地跟你簽短期定期契約，例如每三個月簽一次。如果你的前後勞動契約工作期間合計超過90天，而且每次契約之間的空窗期沒有超過30天，那麼，即使每次都簽新約，法律也會將其視為不定期契約。這個規定是為了防止雇主濫用定期契約來規避責任。

《勞動基準法》第9條第2項：「定期契約屆滿後，有下列情形之一，視為不定期契約：一、勞工繼續工作而雇主不即表示反對意思者。二、雖經另訂新約，惟其前後勞動契約之工作期間超過九十日，前後契約間斷期間未超過三十日者。前項規定於特定性或季節性之定期工作不適用之。」

但請注意，上述兩種轉換規定不適用於「特定性或季節性」的定期工作。

實際案例解析：你的「臨時」工作，可能是「長期」飯票！

案例一：公家機關的「臨時」人員，工作卻很「持續」

小陳在某鄉公所的納骨堂擔任服務人員，工作內容是環境清潔、協助民眾晉塔祭祀等。他與公所簽了四份為期六個月的定期契約，前後契約完全沒有間斷，總共做了兩年。後來公所通知他契約期滿不續約。小陳覺得不合理，因為納骨堂的服務是常態性的，他的工作也一直持續著。

律點通解析：法院認為，納骨堂的營運是持續性的殯葬服務，小陳的工作內容也屬於常態性、繼續性的事務，並非一時所需。因此，儘管公所簽的是定期契約，但依《勞動基準法》的精神，這份契約應被視為不定期契約。這個案例告訴我們，即使是公家機關的「臨時人員」，只要工作內容具有持續性，法律上就應認定為不定期契約，不受名稱或預算影響。

案例二：派遣勞工的契約，法律強制保障！

小美透過派遣公司找到一份在美術館的工作，派遣公司跟她簽了一份一年的定期契約。一年後，派遣公司說要看美術館的意願決定是否續約。小美心想，派遣工作是不是都這樣不穩定？

律點通解析：根據《勞動基準法》第9條第1項的修正規定，派遣事業單位與派遣勞工訂定的勞動契約，應為不定期契約。這是一項強制規定！無論美術館與派遣公司的合作期限多長，派遣公司都必須與小美簽訂不定期契約。這個修法是為了保障派遣勞工的僱用安定性，避免派遣公司以要派契約期限為由，簽訂定期契約來規避責任。

轉職族的你，如何保障自身權益？

| 情況 | 你的權益與行動 | | 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1. 了解契約本質： 仔細閱讀勞動契約，不只看名稱（如「專案人員」、「約聘」），更要看實際工作內容是否具備持續性。若工作內容是公司業務的常態性需求，即使簽的是定期契約，仍有機會被認定為不定期契約。 2. 留意續約模式： 若你的定期契約被多次續簽，且符合「前後勞動契約工作期間超過90日，且間斷期間未超過30日」的條件，你的契約可能已依法轉為不定期契約。 3. 保存所有證據： 妥善保存你的勞動契約書、薪資單、出勤紀錄、工作內容說明、職務說明、與主管或人資的電子郵件/通訊軟體對話紀錄等。這些都是證明契約性質的重要證據。 4. 及時主張權利： 如果你認為自己的定期契約已轉為不定期，而雇主卻在期滿時通知不續約，或有其他不合理對待，應及時向雇主提出異議，並可尋求勞工主管機關的協助（如申請勞資爭議調解）。不要默默接受，否則可能被視為合意終止。 5. 派遣工作有保障： 若你透過派遣公司工作，請記住，派遣事業單位與你簽訂的契約，法律強制規定為不定期契約。不必擔心要派單位約期結束就失業，派遣公司仍需與你維持僱傭關係。

結論：聰明轉職，從了解勞動契約開始！

轉職的過程充滿挑戰，但了解自身的法律權益，是你保護自己、追求穩定職涯的重要一步。定期契約並非萬靈丹，雇主不能隨意濫用，而勞工也有權利主張其應有的保障。希望這篇文章能幫助你在轉職路上，更清楚自己的定位，做出對自己最有利的選擇。記住，你的工作權益，就從你對契約的理解開始！